2025 India-Pakistan tensions

Since 2019, each India-Pakistan crisis has set a new and more dangerous threshold for military action – yet both are overly confident about controlling escalation. 

The India-Pakistan border closures were yet another reminder of the importance of Chabahar port as an alternative for Afghanistan's trade.

Both governments are claiming victory, but it’s clear who the real losers are: the people on both sides of the border.

The interim government is being carefully neutral, but public opinion has chosen a side.

Afghanistan has long been linked to cross-border terrorism. That could prove a major factor if the combatants shift from state armies to proxy militias. 

China’s enduring “all weather” alliance with “iron-clad” friend Pakistan is increasingly at odds with Beijing’s avowed commitment to counterterrorism.

Covert operations are “far more effective in weakening the terrorist infrastructure and enterprise in Pakistan, but only if they cover the full spectrum of covert instrumentalities available.”

Amid diplomatic escalations and exacerbating climate conditions, how can India prioritize regional stability and safeguard its own interests in the Indus River?

As Pakistan readies to hit back, shelling across the LoC and International Border intensifies.

Pakistan is China’s “iron brother,” but full support is a bridge too far when Beijing would much prefer de-escalation to an expanded conflict.

India and Pakistan are at level five – but escalation from “shows of force” to “dramatic military confrontations” could take place in mere hours.

As political trust collapses and new military technologies compress decision time, even small accidents have potential to spiral into a major conflict.